1 d
Who makes narcan?
Follow
11
Who makes narcan?
Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. Small Business Trends is an award-winning online publication f. Narcan FDA Approval History. According to one 2018 study, naloxone itself is partly to blame. Learn about cost, uses, and more of Narcan (naloxone). The overdose-reversing drug Narcan could soon be available to buy over the counter without a prescription, the Food and Drug Administration announced Wednesday. Opioid use disorder is a disease that can happen to any of us. Tilt the person's head back, and insert the nozzle into one nostril. Pediatric dosage. Naloxone is a life-saving drug that, when sprayed into the nose or injected. NEXT Distro is an online and mail-based harm reduction platform that provides naloxone training and distribution. What's more, generic naloxone is also available in an injectable form. Give a second dose of naloxone. Naloxone (Narcan™) is an opiate antidote that can reverse an opioid overdose during an emergency. Read the latest news and reviews about the drug as well as potential side effects and popular alternatives. Naloxone, for example Narcan®, is a medicine that can help people who are overdosing on an opioid. Includes dosage, instructions, training video, and side effects. Give a second dose of naloxone. respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension. The new OTC Narcan package comes with two nasal spray devices containing 4mg of naloxone apiece. Narcan is the brand name for the FDA-approved drug naloxone. Naloxone provides approximately 24% of the company's revenue, according to data from FactSet. Here's what you need to know. Dec 6, 2022 · NARCAN ® (naloxone HCI) Nasal Spray 4 mg, the first intranasal form of naloxone approved by the FDA in 2015, is designed for community use for the treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose. Law enforcement personnel, including municipal police, Independent School District police, and police departments at higher education institutions. Mild side effects of Narcan can include. This list doesn't include all possible mild side effects reported with the drug. Plymouth Meeting, PA. All rights reserved. (Do not "test it" or push the plunger early. " The titles will soon move to free ad-supported streaming services. Muscle/ joint pain or headache may also occur. Pick Up Naloxone Near You Phone: 619-990-5800. To learn more about opioid overdose, which Narcan is used to treat, see this article. having narcan® nasal spray in your first aid kit can make a difference Emergency medical service units average 9. For more information, you can refer to Narcan’s patient information. You may have trouble accessing Narcan if you don’t have insurance or can't afford the OTC price. Giving more than one dose of naloxone may not be necessary What to do if you think someone is. If you have naloxone, you can potentially save a life Naloxone saves lives. Narcan is available as the generic drug naloxone. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. NEXT Distro is an online and mail-based harm reduction platform that provides naloxone training and distribution. Sep 28, 2023 · Learn about cost, uses, and more of Narcan (naloxone). Narcan nasal spray is available over the counter without a prescription. It is used to treat someone who has overdosed on opioids. If given to one who has not taken opioids, it will not have any effect on them. If you have naloxone, you can potentially save a life Naloxone saves lives. Naloxone is a medication that can reverse an overdose that is caused by an opioid drug (i, prescription pain medication, heroin, or illicit fentanyl). American Medical Association Increasing Access to Naloxone, 2016 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Opioid Overdose Toolkit, 2013 American Society of Addiction Medicine Public Policy Statement on the Use of Naloxone, 2010 American Pharmacists Association Pharmacists and Naloxone: a Life or Death Difference, 2015 Office of National Drug Control Policy Preventing, Treating. An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a. Address: North Park Way and 31 st Street. Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, five minutes when injected into a muscle, and ten minutes as a nasal spray. Aug 4, 2023 · Common side effects of Narcan may include: nausea, dizziness; skin redness where an injection was given; feeling lightheaded; or. For more information, you can refer to Narcan's patient information. Learn more about this unexpected surge in ramen's popularity at HowStuffWorks Now. If you are worried you or someone you know may be at risk of an opioid overdose, naloxone is available to you. Qualifying entities are subject to approval by Emergent and include, but are not limited to, EMS, Fire Departments, Police Departments and other community organizations. Mar 31, 2023 · If you see someone experiencing an opioid overdose, you might be able to administer a life-saving medication called naloxone. Naloxone can be quickly given through nasal spray (Narcan®) in the nose, or through an injectable or auto-injector into the outer thigh or another major muscle. [13] Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, five minutes when injected into a muscle, [13] and ten minutes as a nasal spray. Small Business Trends is an award-winning online publication f. " The titles will soon move to free ad-supported streaming services. We include products we think a. extreme drowsiness, especially if you cannot wake the person from sleep. Learn about naloxone usage and dosing. The meniscus is a c-shaped piece of cartilage in your knee joint. Naloxone does not affect someone who does not have opioids. Worldwide, about 600 000 deaths were attributable to drug use in 2019. NARCAN Nasal Spray 4 mg is designed to rapidly reverse the effects of a life-threatening opioid emergency in minutes. Naloxone is a drug that blocks opioid actions and is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdoses. Naloxone (Narcan®) is a safe medication that can save someone's life by reversing the effects of an opioid overdose. In the coming weeks, Naloxone will be available to the public at Quincy Center, Ashmont, Andrew, South Station, and Harvard. Hold the Narcan® Nasal Spray. Sandoz US announces the launch of an authorized generic version of Narcan, a nasal spray that can reverse opioid overdose. Additionally, funded organizations have established a procedure to make naloxone (Narcan ®) available to those who are either at-risk or have family, friends or loved ones at-risk for an opioid overdose. Call us for business inquiries. With drug overdose deaths continuing to hover near record levels, the US Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved for the first time an over-the-counter version of the opioid overdose. In crowded cities, it's important to know where you can escape to for a breath of fresh air. If you have naloxone, you can potentially save a life Naloxone saves lives. (Naloxone has no addictive properties of its own. Naloxone is a medication that can quickly reverse an overdose from either prescribed painkillers or illicit forms of opioids such as heroin and fentanyl. Mar 29, 2023 · The decision could make the life-saving drug more accessible. Narcan, also known as Naloxone, is an F. Intranasal administration of naloxone (Narcan ®) is the protocol recommended by the Department of Health. Your favorite hardware store serving the Raleigh, NC market Naloxone Prescribing and Dispensing. (An active ingredient is what makes a drug work. Naloxone HCl Nasal Spray is an opioid antagonist indicated for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. It's possible, recovery can happen to any of us too Annual Report and Accounts 2023. Naloxone, for example Narcan®, is a medicine that can help people who are overdosing on an opioid. Learn about naloxone usage and dosing. Aug 30, 2023 · The first over-the-counter naloxone, a drug used to reverse opioid overdose, is starting to come available in retail stores and online. ncha pay rent One sheriff in an opioid-ravaged US county won’t have. Free Narcan (naloxone) kits may be available from your state or local health department, community syringe exchange program, your insurance with a $0 copay, or from some local pharmacies, such as large chain drug stores or college campus pharmacies. If you are worried you or someone you know may be at risk of an opioid overdose, naloxone is available to you. It can be administered intravenously, by injection or, as is most common outside hospital settings, via nasal. swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat. Narcan is a nasal spray version of naloxone, a rescue medicine that can be administered in the event of an opioid drug overdose. It's possible, recovery can happen to any of us too Annual Report and Accounts 2023. Phone: 1-844-4NARCAN (1-844-462-7226) Email: narcancustomerservice@ebsi. Every week, we share a number of downloads for all platforms to help you get things done. Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved selling the leading version of naloxone without a prescription, setting the overdose-reversing drug on course to become the first opioid treatment drug to be sold over the counter. Narcan is usually administered by first. An opioid emergency can happen anywhere. Advertisement Profit margin is one of the most important asp. Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, five minutes when injected into a muscle, and ten minutes as a nasal spray. Are you looking to take your home theater experience outdoors? Discover the top-rated outdoor TVs of 2023 with our comprehensive buying guide. Sep 8, 2020 · Naloxone that is injected comes in a lower concentration (0. We include products we think a. In 2023, Narcan nasal spray became available over the counter for less than $50. pip install delta lake Giving more than one dose of naloxone may not be necessary What to do if you think someone is. Apr 5, 2023 · Narcan (naloxone) is a brand-name drug used to treat known or possible opioid overdose in people of all ages. Opiant Pharmaceuticals Indivior will pay an additional $8 per share contingent on Opiant's. What's more, generic naloxone is also available in an injectable form. Roll the person on their side, propping their hands under their head. Naloxone—also known by brand names such as Narcan and Kloxxado—can be a lifesaving medication when used promptly in cases of opioid overdose. The company's three-year-old National Qualifier Test for new recruits has come in handy during the pandemic. Mar 29, 2023 · The decision could make the life-saving drug more accessible. Narcan can be lifesaving when used quickly and effectively. Hours: Fridays, 11 AM - 1 PM. Narcan is the recommended brand because the. Phone & Email. Free Narcan is available from clinics. Apr 5, 2023 · Narcan (naloxone) is a brand-name drug used to treat known or possible opioid overdose in people of all ages. Although traditionally administered by emergency response personnel, naloxone can be administered by minimally trained laypeople, which makes it ideal for treating overdose in people who have been prescribed opioid pain medication and in people who use heroin and other opioids. The nasal spray can save a life by stopping an opioid overdose. Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The U Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has declined to approve Orexo AB's high-dose prescription drug for opioid overdose, the company said on Tuesday. Consider carrying NARCAN Nasal Spray with you, or for your schools, your community, work, or. gangbanged by blacks Naloxone—also known by brand names such as Narcan and Kloxxado—can be a lifesaving medication when used promptly in cases of opioid overdose. Although traditionally administered by emergency response personnel, naloxone can be administered by minimally trained laypeople, which makes it ideal for treating overdose in people who have been prescribed opioid pain medication and in people who use heroin and other opioids. Find out where to buy NARCAN. Naloxone should be given when a person exhibits signs of an opioid overdose, including blue or gray lips or fingertips, snoring or gurgling, and slow and shallow breathing, Levine says Indivior is a global pharmaceutical company working to help change patients' lives by pioneering life-transforming treatment for substance use disorders and other serious mental illnesses Get a grip on the nasal spray by placing your thumb on the plunger and two fingers on either side on the nozzle. Mar 29, 2023 · The decision could make the life-saving drug more accessible. Anyone who takes a prescription or non-prescription opioid is potentially at risk of experiencing serious, sometimes fatal side effects. Dec 22, 2021 · Naloxone HCl Nasal Spray is an opioid antagonist indicated for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. The Health Department provides naloxone (Narcan® nasal spray) and training through collaborations with community-based organizations. It comes as an injectable medication and a nasal spray. Apr 5, 2023 · This list doesn’t include all possible mild side effects reported with the drug. Naloxone should be given to someone experiencing an opioid overdose. Mar 29, 2023 · The decision could make the life-saving drug more accessible. With more than 150,000 hotel rooms, Las Vegas is home to many top-notch hotel choices. The medicine, with the brand name Narcan, has a suggested. Opioid use disorder is a disease that can happen to any of us.
Post Opinion
Like
What Girls & Guys Said
Opinion
16Opinion
Terms hold that Indivior will pay $20 up. View and download different resources for using NARCAN® Nasal Spray. [13] Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, five minutes when injected into a muscle, [13] and ten minutes as a nasal spray. Our educational resources could help you save a life during the event of an opioid overdose. A growing number of cities and local governments are using vending machines to distribute the overdose-reversing drug naloxone. There are two FDA-approved formulations of naloxone: injectable and prepackaged nasal spray. Naloxone is a lifesaving medicine that can reverse an opioid overdose. Learn more about the key facts on naloxone. Common side effects of Narcan and narcotic drug withdrawal are: flushing, dizziness, tiredness, Used by First Responders: This naloxone nasal spray is carried by first responders and commonly employed in emergency situations. Dose of Reality: Resources for Professionals. Opioid use can lead to death due to the effects of opioids on the part of the brain which regulates breathing. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest Vi. New cases were reported in Nigeria for the first time in two years, likely due to the presence of terrorist sect Boko Haram in the country's northeast. Overdose most often occurs when people take a large or increased amount of opioids, mix opioids with alcohol or other drugs, or have had recent changes in tolerance levels. By 2010, almost all ambulance crews in the U carried Narcan. It can boot it out or fill the hole before the heroin comes along. When administered quickly following an overdose, it can restore normal breathing and save lives Oct 13, 2022 · Naloxone comes along and replaces the opioid. Mar 13, 2018 · Opiant Pharmaceuticals developed Narcan, a nasal spray that reverses opioid overdoses, and is now working on a new drug-device combination for fentanyl overdoses. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Ready to think disruptively? Here is a book called Create The Future - tactics for disruptive thinking + inovation hand book. Naloxone is safe and easy to use, works almost. You may have trouble accessing Narcan if you don't have insurance or can't afford the OTC price. joe giuliano meghan markle child You can still get the nasal spray and injectable Narcan at pharmacies with a prescription and may pay less than the OTC price. Narcan — generic name: naloxone — is a medication that reverses opioid overdoses. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Vide. Dose of Reality: Resources for Professionals. Naloxone - a medicine that can reverse an opioid. respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension. Understanding Naloxone and Narcan. Email: april@anewpath Safe Point San Diego (Family Health Centers of San Diego) Address: Imperial Avenue and 16 th Street. Aug 4, 2023 · Used by First Responders: This naloxone nasal spray is carried by first responders and commonly employed in emergency situations. The formal decision makes Narcan the first naloxone-based drug available without a prescription. Practicing 5 minutes daily may help you. It is available in a number of dosage forms under the brand names Belbuca, Brixadi, Buprenex, Butrans, Probuphine (discontinued), Sublocade, and Subutex (discontinued). NARCAN ® Nasal Spray is an intranasal form of naloxone. Naloxone should be given to someone experiencing an opioid overdose. Suboxone maker Reckitt Benckiser Group will pay the U government a record $1. Narcan, a naloxone nasal spray, is now approved for over-the-counter sales and should be widely available by late summer. Watch this video to find out how to construct a built-in sandbox in a wooden deck so children can play safely outdoors. black cover photo An opioid emergency can happen anywhere but most often. An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a. Duolingo, a Pittsburgh-based language learning business last valued at $2. Overdose death can occur over 1 to 3 hours, allowing time to take life-saving actions. Includes dosage, instructions, training video, and side effects. It is used for the treatment of life-threatening opioid overdose or suspected opioid overdose. To learn more about opioid overdose, which Narcan is used to treat, see this article. If you have naloxone, you can potentially save a life Naloxone saves lives. You can't see the country on six lanes of highway. Opioid overdose is a serious problem, with more than 100,000 opioid-related overdose deaths in the last year. After the Adapt Pharma acquisition, Narcan will become one of its largest products behind only the anthrax vaccine it makes. Naloxone works by blocking the effects of opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription opioid medications. ivy aura Its potency and quick action make it a reliable medical supply in opioid emergency scenarios Easy to Use: Easy to use nasal spray opioid overdose treatment. Mar 29, 2023 · NARCAN ® Naloxone HCl Nasal Spray 4 mg is currently the first and only prescription strength naloxone nasal spray to receive over-the-counter status in the U, which is a critical step toward broadening access; Expected over-the-counter availability is anticipated by late summer of this year Aug 30, 2023 · NARCAN ® Nasal Spray will be the first, life-saving emergency medicine for opioid overdose available on shelves beginning this September with a Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price of $44. But will people pay the price and ask for it by name? Naloxone is a life-saving medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids—including heroin, fentanyl, and prescription opioid medications—when given in time Naloxone is easy to use and small to carry. Jul 17, 2022 · Be prepared for an opioid emergency. Narcan is a nasal spray version of naloxone, the opioid antidote credited with saving countless lives during the nation's overdose crisis. Free Narcan is available from clinics. In 2003, the Drug Overdose Prevention Education (DP) Project in San Francisco initiated the first low-barrier community naloxone distribution model. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. Advertisement Shoelaces have to take a lot. Narcan Generic Name: Naloxone · Source: First Databank. Narcan (naloxone) nasal spray is used to treat opioid overdose. The Biden-Harris Administration Takes Critical Action to Make Naloxone More Accessible and Prevent Fatal Overdoses from Opioids Like FentanylS. Advertisement Want to send kids home from a birthday party with more tha. Find out where to buy NARCAN. [14] Naloxone blocks the effects of. Naloxone — better-known by its brand name, Narcan — can save lives, but a new report from the Rural Drug Addiction Research Center suggests that few Nebraskans understand what Narcan is, where to get it, or how to use it. The course is available as a self-paced online continuing education course, as a trainer program for in-person and virtual settings, or delivered by Overdose Lifeline as live. This medicine has no effect in people who are not taking opioid medicines. Hours: Fridays, 11 AM - 1 PM. swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat. Opioid drugs work by acting on specific receptors found in the brain and nervous system. If given to one who has not taken opioids, it will not have any effect on them. Dose of Reality: Resources for Professionals. Get top content in our free newsletter.
It can boot it out or fill the hole before the heroin comes along. The Food and Drug Administration is weighing a decision to make naxolone, pictured here in nasal spray form as Narcan, available over the counter without a prescription. The overdose reversal drug has been administered mostly by emergency responders and outreach workers. In this video, you will learn:How to recognize symptoms of an opioid overdoseHow to administer NARCAN™ Nasal SprayHow to evaluate and support Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder and severe pain. Naloxone hydrochloride nasal spray is to be given right away and does not take the place of emergency. View full profile on Instagram. Naloxone—also known by brand names such as Narcan and Kloxxado—can be a lifesaving medication when used promptly in cases of opioid overdose. rockford personal craigslist Every week, we share a number of downloads for. Follow instructions of 9-1-1 operator until help arrives. The course is available as a self-paced online continuing education course, as a trainer program for in-person and virtual settings, or delivered by Overdose Lifeline as live. Prescription opioids were involved. Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved selling naloxone without a prescription, setting the overdose-reversing drug on course to become the. More than 110,000 people are believed to have died of. deepthroat loving Naloxone is also sold under the brand names Narcan and Kloxxado. Naloxone, also known as Narcan®, is a potentially lifesaving drug that can reverse an opioid overdose. The deal has already been approved by the boards of directors of both companies, and is expected to close by the end of March. Dec 15, 2017 · Used Narcan (naloxone hydrochloride) containers and syringes sit in a case after paramedics revived a man who overdosed on opioids in Salem, Massachusetts on August 9, 2017 Nov 14, 2022 · One of the biggest addiction-drug makers is set to snatch up the owner of the country’s bestselling overdose-reversal drugK. The transaction will be worth up to $735 million, consisting of a $635 million upfront payment and as much as $100 million in sales-based milestones through 2022. Plymouth Meeting, PA. All rights reserved. Learn about the drug’s more common, mild, and serious side effects. pho near me now open Check again to see if they are breathing. Learn about dosage, uses, side effects, how it works, and more. Driving the backroads have added hours to your route, but at least you’re in motion Thirteen shows will leave HBO Max, including "Westworld" and “Minx. Qualifying entities are subject to approval by Emergent and include, but are not limited to, EMS, Fire Departments, Police Departments and other community organizations. FDA Approved: Yes (First approved November 18, 2015) Brand name: Narcan Generic name: naloxone Dosage form: Nasal Spray Company: Emergent BioSolutions Inc.
Naloxone should be given to someone experiencing an opioid overdose. The FDA announced this week that a naloxone nasal spray can be sold over the counter. The FDA approved selling naloxone over-the-counter, marking the first time an opioid treatment drug will be available without prescription. A major drug maker has applied to sell Narcan, which reverses opioid overdoses, over the counter. Learn about 5 fun party craft ideas. Narcan, a naloxone nasal spray, is now approved for over-the-counter sales and should be widely available by late summer. Jul 17, 2022 · Be prepared for an opioid emergency. May 2, 2024 · Naloxone is a lifesaving medicine that can reverse an opioid overdose. It is a temporary drug that wears off in 20-90 minutes. It's important to take stock of your personal finance strengths. Accidental opioid overdoses can happen anywhere. Health Team Opioid overdose shuts down lungs, brain. In 2003, the Drug Overdose Prevention Education (DP) Project in San Francisco initiated the first low-barrier community naloxone distribution model. Naloxone was introduced in 1971 as Narcan for emergency treatment of an opioid overdose. The active ingredient in Narcan is naloxone. blue cross blue shield fep breast pump Naloxone, the active ingredient in Narcan, is an opioid antagonist: a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. Learn about the drug’s more common, mild, and serious side effects. A generic drug contains the same active ingredient as the brand-name version September 6, 2023 | Austin, Texas | Press Release Governor Greg Abbott today announced a second allotment of 60,000 units of Naloxone (NARCAN) will be distributed to all Texas police departments as part of the statewide "One Pill Kills" campaign. Mar 29, 2023 · NARCAN ® Naloxone HCl Nasal Spray 4 mg is currently the first and only prescription strength naloxone nasal spray to receive over-the-counter status in the U, which is a critical step toward broadening access; Expected over-the-counter availability is anticipated by late summer of this year Aug 30, 2023 · NARCAN ® Nasal Spray will be the first, life-saving emergency medicine for opioid overdose available on shelves beginning this September with a Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price of $44. Emergent BioSolutions, the manufacturer of Narcan, said the product should be stocked on store shelves by the end of the summer. Naloxone is available in different formulations, the most common being naloxone nasal spray. Our educational resources could help you save a life during the event of an opioid overdose. It's an over-the-counter medication that treats opioid overdose in people of all ages. Naloxone is a medication that can quickly reverse an overdose from either prescribed painkillers or illicit forms of opioids such as heroin and fentanyl. Naloxone is safe and easy to use, works almost. By 2010, almost all ambulance crews in the U carried Narcan. NARCAN Nasal Spray is available over the counter and can be used by anyone in an emergency. In 2021 and 2022, harm reduction organizations in two Massachusetts cities tried out a novel approach: paying people who use drugs, in cash, to distribute Narcan in their personal circles The MBTA today announced the installation of cabinets to support a Public Access Naloxone (Narcan) Pilot on the Red Line. The recommended dosage for Narcan in children of any age is as follows. Narcan is a nasal spray version of naloxone, the opioid antidote credited with saving countless lives during the nation's overdose crisis. dyson v7 troubleshooting With drug overdose deaths continuing to hover near record levels, the US Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved for the first time an over-the-counter version of the opioid overdose. Feb 6, 2024 · Narcan (naloxone) is a medication that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. Read the latest news and reviews about the drug as well as potential side effects and popular alternatives. Explore online resources to inform others in your household or share with family and friends. Signs of an opioid overdose may include: slowed breathing, or no breathing; very small or pinpoint pupils in the eyes; slow heartbeats; or. Racism — in any form — can take a toll on your mental health. Naloxone, the active ingredient in Narcan, is an opioid antagonist: a medication used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids. Hours: Fridays, 11 AM - 1 PM. swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat. It is a temporary drug that wears off in 20-90 minutes. Jan 26, 2024 · In 2023, Narcan nasal spray became available over the counter for less than $50. NARCAN®️ Nasal Spray may counteract the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose. FDA approved Narcan nasal spray, the first FDA-approved nasal spray version of naloxone hydrochloride, a life-saving medication that can temporarily stop or reverse the effects of an opioid or. Mar 29, 2023 · Wednesday's approval is for Narcan, which can reverse overdoses of opioids, including street drugs such as heroin and fentanyl and prescription versions including oxycodone. About the NDP. naloxone (Narcan™) medication blocks these effects and reverses the effects of an overdose. It functions by blocking the brain's. Narcan nasal spray was first approved by the FDA in 2015 2022, the agency found that certain naloxone products have the potential to be "safe and effective for over-the-counter use.